Addictions and interventions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Addictions and interventions - Essay Example The following treatment plan and recommendations will be instituted to help make this possible.The type of therapy that will be best suited in aiding Linda to recovery is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. The reason this is the best option for Linda is that it will not only help her to recover the quickest, since this type of therapy is the most rapid in producing results, it is the best use of time and resources, as this sort of therapy is a very direct approach, and it is not open ended in the way that other therapies are, such as psycho-analysis (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2009). Another reason that Linda will benefit from Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is that it will enable her to think differently about her circumstances, even if they cannot be changed (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2009). For instance, she lives in a poor part of town. While she may not be able to change that immediately or even at all, Cognitive-Behavior Ther apy will assist her in learning to view her circumstances differently. The results of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are long term. This is due to the fact that the client will understand how and what to do in order to make things better, and then they will be able to apply it, even after therapy has ended. (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2009). Linda and I can work together, and she will feel involved in her treatment, which will give her the incentive to want to do better. As far as having others involved in working on the case, I would prefer to work with Linda alone, since it is vital that she and I establish a relationship where she is comfortable opening up to me and expressing her feelings. If too many other professionals are involved in her case, it would be to her detriment because she would not have the chance to form a bond with me that would allow her to feel comfortable enough to work with me in improving her life and setting goals. Cognitive-Behavior therapy is most effective when sessions involve only the client and the therapist, not multiple professionals (National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, 2009). There will be a number of things that I will need to know about Linda in order for the use of Cognitive-behavior therapy to be best effective in helping her to recover. One thing that I will like to know about Linda is what she'd like to get out of life. Knowing this bit of information will enable me to help her set goals and come up with different strategies that will help her to achieve those goals. Secondly, I will like her to tell me a little about herself and what makes her feel the need to engage in using drugs. Knowing her reasons for why she feels the need to engage in this behavior will enable me to better know and understand her, so I will be able to tailor the therapy sessions to best suit her needs. Finally, I will ask her how she feels about herself and her current circumstances. Knowing about these things will enable me to help her to set goals o either change her attitude or change her world. Though I'd love to focus on every aspect of Linda, this would be impossible due to time constraints and limited resources. So in order to make the best use of the time and resources that are available to me in dealing with this case, it will be advantageous for me to focus on aspects of her life and character that are of vital importance. Two major areas that deserve the utmost attention are helping her to establish goals on fighting her addiction and helping her to think of herself and her circumstances in a different light. When it comes

Diffusion, Dialysis Essay Example for Free

Diffusion, Dialysis Essay In Diffusion, Dialysis And Osmosis lab, we discovered that we were going to observe and understand the conditions under which diffusion, dialysis, and osmosis occur. Then we constructed models of diffusion, dialysis, and osmosis. We predicted that the direction of change would be from the membrane to the beaker. We understood how these processes affected the selectivity of the cell membrane. The second part of the lab was dealing with dialysis. In this part we studied starch and sodium chloride for dialysis activity. In Part A We hypothesized that NaCl existed in 1-3 and AgNO existed 2-4. In Part B We hypothesized that there will be more changes in the cell then outside the cell. In Part C We hypothesized that there will be a difference due to the different environments that are provide to help change the appearance of a molecule. Procedure A. Qualitative testing for sodium chloride and starch We got 6 clean test tubes and number them 1-6. Test tubes 12 had 5ml of 10% sodium chloride (NaCl). Test tubes 34 had 5ml of starch. Test tubes 56 had 5ml of distilled water. We added 2-3 drops of silver nitrate (AgNO )to 1,3,5. We added 2-3 drops of iodine solution to 2,4,6. B. Dialysis of a starch/sodium chloride mixture Get one dialysis tube and tie one end. Fill the bag with 5ml of 10% Sodium chloride solution and 5ml of starch solution from Part A. then tie the tube and place it in a beaker of distilled water. Leave the tube for 30 minutes. Afterwards test for the presence of starch and sodium chloride. Then split the solution into to test tubes and 2-3 drops of iodine into one test tube and 2-3 drops of AgNO in the other test tube. C. Osmosis using dialysis tubing as a model of the cell membrane Obtain 5 beakers and label them 1-5. Fill beakers 1-4 halfway with distilled water. And beaker 5 with 30% sucrose halfway. Obtain 5 dialysis tubes that will be filled with 10ml of different solutions. Tube 1 has distilled water, Tube 2 has 10% sucrose, Tube 3 has 20% sucrose, Tube 4 has 30% sucrose, and Tube 5 has distilled water. Tie the tubes and weigh each of them before placing them in there respected beakers. Every 15 minutes weigh the tubes to record the change. In Part B we found that outside test tube; salt existed and not sugar. But inside the test tubes both the starch and the salt existed in the two different tubes. In this part there weren’t any problems and we were successful in gathering the necessary results to move to the next section. This helping prove our hypothesis right because it meant that there would be more changes inside the cell than outside the cell. In Part C we found that Beaker 1 had no changes in weight. In Beaker 2 there were changes that ranged from 0-1. 1. In Beaker 3 there were changes that ranged from 0-2. 1. In Beaker 4 there were changes that ranged from 0-4. 8. In Beaker 5 there were changes that ranged from -2. 7-0. This is the results that my group gathered from another group that did well because our results were way off and inconsistent. So we were forced to use better results to find better explanations. We understood that the conditions under which osmosis is possible and to what degree it occurs. There were three different types of temperate environments. This helping prove our hypothesis right because it meant that different environments help change the appearance of a molecule.

The Effects of Globalization

The Effects of Globalization This paper will discuss and evaluate the effects of globalization within a worldwide economy. It will discuss the undeniable positive externalities of globalization weighted against the accepted negative effects of a more correlated market place. Deregulation, decreased regulatory oversight, technical progress and human innovation has facilitated increased connectivity and economic interdependence, resulting in the effective development of a spider web of interlinked, market participants, wrapped in a shroud of business process opacity. Globalization and the changing economic modalities of free trade principles, coupled with inadequate risk mitigation strategies will be analyzed as a catalyst and precursor to the collapse of capital markets worldwide and the subsequent demise and bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers operations globally. A framework will be examined where internationalization has cultivated an environment of increased profit exploitation opportunities, but has also through i nformation asymmetry created domino network of infectious system components whose individual failure compromise the wellbeing of the entire system. Keywords: Globalization, Lehman Brothers, Externalities, Economy, System, Strategy. An acute analysis on the effects of the positive and negative externalities of continuous globalization within the development of a one world market composite global economic personality GLOBALIZATION is defined as the process by which geographic boundaries have been transcended by increased technical progress. It is the development of a one world market place, or worldwide economic ecosystem governed by the interconnectivity of individual component economic units. Globalization is a set of processes, rather than an end situation representing the unrelenting erosion of all barriers to free trade, increasing worldwide economic integration. (Kaarbo Lee, 2005). Business expansion through internationalization is a positively correlated function of globalization. Globalization has created a singular, unified worldwide economic collective, operating as a dynamic composite personality, permeating all market verticals, industry sectors and political covenants (LeBon, 1973) The increasingly homogenized and ever flattening operational landscape created as a globalization collective unconscious side effect, has facilitated numerous undisputed benefits to all market participants, including the emancipation of women, increased routes to market for business, lowered production costs, bettered supply chain networks, a deeper global labor pool, an increase in aggregate consumer sovereignty and countless others.(Jung, 1934) The process of globalization through all methods has resulted in a more liberated free market economic archetype. The creation of the Internet in the early 1990s and the technological progress enjoyed since has facilitated a convergen ce and homogenization of competitive advantages. Businesses have increased access to a more educated, culturally diverse talent pool, allowing for and assisting in the development of sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain networks that transcend tradition geographic boundaries have lowered the costs of production, improving the organizational bottom line. Improved profits through cost saving has produced a shift in the demand curve for labor. Standardized product offerings thorough certified global manufacturing best practice methodologies have afforded the consumer the luxury of being able to take quality for granted. As the world becomes smaller with easier access to information, substantial improvements in education and healthcare have been possible; originally thought incurable diseases now have therapy lowering infant mortality rates and improving life expectancies. Between 1950 the worldwide infant mortality rate was 174 deaths per 1000, in 1990 this figure had fallen to 64 deaths per 1000 (CIA Fact Book, 2006) Furthermore once culturally suppressive states are now waking and accepting the possibility of women in the work force with the rational that by limiting the economic participants available in their respective economies a said country will lower its ability to compete against more gender accommodating and accepting countries. Globalization has fundamentally altered the way organizations compete, the way they market and their intrinsic value propositions. Businesses are no longer defining strategy with a local bias, but are competing within a global business ecosystem, where decisions can only be made by understanding all of the inputs and outputs of that system. Businesses can no longer operate as independent components of an economic collective but rather act as interrelated component parts of an overall system (Von Bertalanffy, 1976) Open markets are the best engine for lifting living standards and building shared collective prosperity. (Clinton, 2000) Only countries that remove the shackles to free trade, capital movement and international competition will realize socioeconomic progress. In weighing the benefits of continuous globalization it is evident that for every positive there is often a negative. Some economists argue that globalization has a debilitating effect on emerging markets and infantile industry, destroying rather that incubating competition by allowing first world economic powers through ambiguous and fine print riddled trade agreements to exploit the status quo, underpaying developing nations for all processes of consumption satisfaction. The interconnectivity of rich and poor nations is a zero sum game, that exists outside the framework of pareto criterion. It is not possible for one economic unit (Country) to benefit without making another economic entity worse off. Someone has to win and someone has to lose. It is still however acceptable and beneficial if the alternative of not engaging in trade is less savory than the loss that any such trade would incur. (Pareto, 1970) It is clear that there are significant in-equity problems as a result of gl obalization. It is argued that globalization has increased sovereign wealth income inequalities with continual divergence resulting in more polarization of incomes worldwide. Greater access to labor markets has on one handed facilitated increased employment, and on the other hand the excess supply has created a producer sovereign labor market and hence lowered global wage rates. Lower disposable income particularly in emerging economies, lowers aggregate demand within the national economy. (Keynes, 1970) The lowered demand for internal labor as a result of decreased money supply is the precursor to a vicious cycle of unemployment due to cyclical demand, and continuously lowered central bank interest rates in an attempt to inject momentum into economic growth. This means that rather than leveraging the opportunities created by the fruits of globalization, poorer nations are struggling with internal economic strife, and falling even further behind their Western counterparts. The secon d cost of globalization stems from the resource and economic interdependencies that it creates. When economies and the businesses within those economies are so closely linked and correlated, there is a systemic risk to the whole economic ecosystem that if one of the parts of that system were to fail, there would be a domino effect knocking over all other elements of that system. (Lowenstein, 2002) This is evidenced in the collapse of the subprime housing market in the United States in late 2007. As financial institutions began to falter in the US as a result of complex structured products understood by few, the problems inevitably began to spread to firms in Europe and the United Kingdom. The sheer density and number of unknown correlations between firms meant that no one organization had a complete picture of its exposure to it counterparties. This lack of knowledge prevented firms from being able to implement any risk mitigating strategies and was the ultimate cause of the failure of Lehman Brothers, a century old Wall Street investment banking giant. Lehman Brothers International, as an organization built itself on the foundation laid by economic globalization, from a scrappy tier two investment bank with seventeen billion dollars of revenue in 2003 to fifty seven billion dollars in 2007.(Ishikawa, 2009) With the benefit of hindsight, globalization was the greatest Lehman Brothers change champion and simultaneously its Achilles heel. As the financial services world joined hands in holy matrimony in early 1990s, agreeing to ever more lenient repurchase financing terms for fellow members, the church bells were ringing marking the beginning of the end. Complex financial alchemy was used to develop highly structured, highly profitable instruments of speculation with Lehman Brothers and compatriots leading the charge. Easier access to overseas markets and clientele created by globalization had allowed the firm on offer its services on an ever widening foreign au dience. Lehman Brothers believing that it was operating in non correlated markets and essentially hedging its bets continued to create and sell financial derivatives. When the music stopped and the market began to sink in 2007, Lehman Brothers immediately found itself in an unfamiliar situation. Not only were US markets falling, but it seemed that world markets were acting in unison and collapsing together. Lehman Brothers as a function of globalization experienced a black swan event, an event so statistically implausible that it was unlikely to happen in a million years. A harsh lesson on the black swan principal, The observation of one thousand white swans is not enough to infer that all swans are white, but the sighting of a single black swan is enough to refute the conclusion'(Taleb, 2007) A worldwide recession as experienced in 2010 caused in part by globalization could result in a desire by government and market participants to break the economic bonds built by and through the globalization process, as was observed in the Great Depression of the 1930s and as is currently happening with the financial debacle in Greece. The upshot of which is severe economic dissatisfaction, followed by be economic disagreement, culminating in economic warfare and possibly to military conflict. (Intriligator, 2001) All of the above highlighted by a strengthening agreement in the belief that globalization through all of it incarnations is intrinsically undermining the value of the sovereign state. Increasingly it is seen that globalization is allowing foreign powers in the form of external political influencers as well as Multi National Corporations to govern the resources of a nation as they see most beneficial to their own motivations. The fundamental aim of this paper was to discuss the positive and negative externalities of globalization and the effect that they have on the business playing field. Whether globalization by opinion is viewed as negative or an inherently positive force for continued economic progress, it is unmistakable that it produces massive opportunities and frightening challenges. It must also be accepted that the combination of variables, known and unknown that has lead society to a globalised one world economic system are still abundantly active. The trend is still bullish and is likely to accelerate with economic resources diminishing, increasing technical progress happening daily and barriers to progress falling as fast, globalization is a journey to be embraced rather than feared. It is the key that will remove the chains of impoverishment from third world economic powers, and it is the lock that will bind a composite global economic collective into achieving sustainable socioeconomic prog ress.

Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers

A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena. Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena.

Social and Pychological Affects on a Rookie Police Officer

Is police work a stressful job? Is it stressful when you are making over one hundred thousand dollars a year, as are some officers? What is the home life like of a police officer? What are the occupational and social stresses that an officer must deal with? What dangers do officers deal with every time they put on their shield? What must they give up in life, when they decide they want to cross the â€Å"blue line†? Over the next ten pages or so, I am going to tackle these areas as well as many others, while I try to portray the stresses of being a police officer.Some people may feel that even though police officers have probably the toughest job in the country, that they do not get stressed out, and it is not brought into their home life. However I personally feel, that if the job is too stressful, then the officer in question may not be able to do the job up to his or her potential. Now, if the officer is not able to fully do the job up to his or her potential, then we as ci tizens are not as safe and secure as we should be. Many officers have the stress of marriage and kids, poor work hours, and poor working conditions because of the areas that they work in.They must deal with citizens who are not always up to code, when it comes to doing the right thing. Officers have to deal with being berated by people who do not necessarily view them as an authority figure. All of these extenuating circumstances can lead a person, in any occupation, to become stressed, but a police officer has to deal with this everyday. While doing the research for this paper, I was able to find a broad array of articles ranging from the divorce rates of police officers, to the suicide rate of police officers, which grew tremendously from the nineteen eighties through today.I was able to find one particular article that discussed the stresses of being undercover. I was also fortunate enough, to have spoken with my cousin’s fiance, who is also an undercover officer (although I’ll try not to divulge the specifics of his work). There were articles on how the danger of policing is increasing today to what it is like to actually be a law enforcement officer. There are people who feel that law enforcement officers are not embraced by the community, but have to admit that their task is difficult. Laurence miller said, â€Å"Police officers regularly deal with the most violent, impulsive, predatory members of society† (www. aets. org/article87. html) He also went on to discuss the stress level of their job, and how they are â€Å"more reluctant to talk to outsiders or to show weakness in front of their peers† (www. aaets. org/article87. html). Law enforcement is a difficult field to get into. You have to make many sacrifices when you join the force. There are friends that you have to give up and holidays that you will miss. You will miss nights out with friends and possibly miss your kids birthday. A lot of people leave nice office jobs w ith no risk or pressure, where they work in a stress free environment.They get thrown right into the fray, doing things they would have never imagined. They go out there and they protect us. They do the things we do not want to do. They keep our neighborhoods safe at night, they keep the drug dealers off the streets and they provide a sense of calming in our hearts when we see them out there doing their jobs. However, I do not think we have ever really taken a look at what goes on with them. I feel that there is a lot of stress that is put on them and I am going to prove to you, that being a police officer has a lot more stress than you could have imagined.I stated that the job is so stressful on some officers that it breaks up their families. The national divorce rate is fifty percent. However, the divorce rate for police officers is sixty to seventy five percent (Police Stress And The Effects On Family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 6 http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceSt aff ) Sgt. Haines tells us that in a â€Å"twenty to twenty five year career span, it is not particularly unusual for an officer to go through six to eight marriages† (police stress and the effects on family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 6). Why is it that an officer’s marriage is torn apart when he is on the force?It is because of the level of stress that is brought upon this individual, and not knowing how to handle it. If an officer was trained to handle their stress more effectively, I do not feel that we would see such a drastic rate of divorce. â€Å"By managing stress more effectively officer will have the tools necessary to be better equipped in their professional and personal live† (http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 7). Sgt. Haines once again goes on to explain that officers feel that only other officers understand their careers and problem, and that leads them into isolation from their families.He says that â€Å"Too many times of ficers choose to spend their off-duty time venting their frustrations with co-workers rather than spending quality time with their spouses (http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 7). Obviously this leads to the stress not only being put onto the officer, but also onto their families. It eventually gives their family the feeling that they are being pushed away, and left out of an important part of their spouse’s life. We know that the stress of the job can lead to these high divorce rates.The question I ask you is, how do we curve these trends in the other direction? Sgt. Haines feels that â€Å"officers and supervisors should be taught about the symptoms and effects of job stress. Proactive training helps ward off stress when officers encounter it. When an officer suffers from stress, reactive counseling and training should be available† (police stress and the effects on family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 8). Sgt. Haines has seen that when an officer has the proper training in dealing with stress, that they are able to tackle the problem efficiently.He wrote that â€Å"programs for individuals often help reduce organizational stress. When a department provides a psychologist and a chaplain, the officers see that someone at the top does understand their problems and is trying to help. † ((http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 8) I know that stress can not be taken out of police work, but if it is recognized by the department and dealt with in a timely manner, then I feel that it can have a lasting affect on an officer’s quality of life and career. It is also understood that the job is not creating all of the stress in an officer’s life.I understand that there are always going to be issues at home. Fighting with the wife, getting the kids through school and everything else that comes with being a husband and a father. The thing is, you have to be able to separate your social life, or th e life you are used to, from your job. The second your tour starts you have to give one hundred percent of your attention to police work. If you are not giving all of your attention to your job, you are endangering yourself and the lives of everyone you are being paid to protect.Family stresses are not the only thing that a police officer has to deal with. While talking to my cousin’s fiance yesterday, and discussing with him the topic of my paper, he really opened my eyes about some things. He actually told me that when you are a civilian, you kind of just take things for granted. It is like saying â€Å"ok I can go to the bar today and watch football† and you will not have to worry about who is there. However when you are on the force, you have to realize who your friends are. You can not hang around with people who have a negative influence on your life.You constantly have to think to yourself, â€Å"What kind of impact will this have on me and my career†. So me friends that you may have known since you grew up may not be able to be a part of your life anymore. These are sacrifices that you have to make for your career, and they can cause a great amount of stress on you. Cops are different from you and I. When we see cops, we see them for the most part as authority figures. We deal with them differently, as opposed to how we would deal with someone who did not have any authority. â€Å"Some people say cops are never off-duty.Even when the officer is not working, there is a tendency to attack problems and take charge† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html). Why is it, that we automatically assume since someone is a cop, that they must help? Do we not think that, â€Å"hey maybe we are putting a lot of pressure on this guy? ’ We do not realize that cops are isolated from us. â€Å"The wearing of a badge, uniform and gun makes a law officer separate from society. This segregation leads to many psychological effects which res earch shows can create negative personality traits† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. tml). We go on to learn that just wearing the badge or a gun can cause an officer to act more aggressively toward people, and these are changes that can happen to anyone wearing a badge or uniform. However â€Å"many officers suggest there is a role, or mask which they put on along with their uniform† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html).What they are not telling us is, that sometimes their â€Å"role† leaks over into their personal lives and changes the course of their relationships. â€Å"Law enforcement officers work in a quasi-military, structured institution† (www. eavybadge. com/10reasons. html). Now what this particular passage is talking about is the fact that, in a military type environment, the â€Å"individual† is not of a great concern. In this instance the â€Å"individual† is the officer. In these types of environments it is the goal of the gr oup that is paramount to success. If an officer is not performing up to standards and hinders the group performance, then they will be punished. They will â€Å"de-humanize you, to make you realize you are only a valued part of a machine† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. tml). How does that make an individual feel? Knowing that no matter what you do, you are not recognized as an individual, but only as a cog in a machine. The stress of performance can add up, knowing if you do not perform, there will be consequences. However it is not all the quasi-military style that can bring on the amounts of stress that officers deal with. What we need to realize is that â€Å"the at work world of the officers is very negative† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html. An officer is constantly seeing the bad part of society.Granted you do see good things along the way. However it is the job of the police officer to find the bad, and deal with it. Is it always fun to work in Bensonhurs t, Brooklyn and see these teenagers, who have their whole lives ahead of them, going down the wrong path? Is it not stressful to know that all these kids need is a little bit of education, and guidance in their lives. I feel it is more stressful on the officers in today’s world, when it seems like every time you read the newspaper, you see a random person getting hit with a stray bullet shot by a teen.These could be your kids, and you never really know what is going on when you are on the job. It is extremely stressful when you have to deal with kids, going down the wrong path constantly. Officer Dan Goldfarb gave a speech to union delegates and defined stress as â€Å"that feeling and desire along with the ensuing bodily effects, experienced by a person who has a strong and true longing to choke the living shit out of someone who desperately deserves it, but you can not† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) What officer Goldfarb is trying to ortray in his speech is that an officer has to show a tremendous amount of restraint. He says â€Å"police work by its nature calls for an incredible amount of restraint† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) The demand on officers to show greater restraint has grown over the years, and with that so has the stress level on the job. â€Å"Between nineteen thirty four and nineteen sixty, police suicide rates were half that of the general population. Between nineteen eighty to the present, suicide rates in some departments have doubled. † (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. Why has the suicide rate jumped to this rather high figure? Well according to officer Goldfarb, it is because â€Å"you can not choke them anymore† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) What he is portraying is that street justice is all but gone. Everyone has video cameras and the media just loves to put officers down. â€Å"Politicians continue to pander to the public with new laws and restrictions for police officers that further tie their hands† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) Why is it that politicians are always so eager to get involved in police matters?Well for one it has to do with public appeal. If a politician is not doing anything good, and he needs to save face, what is the best way to do it? Get on top of law enforcement. There are some people who do not like law enforcement. It is like always having a way out. No matter how bad you are at your job, you can always go the route of law enforcement. However there are some politicians who use law enforcement to further their own agenda. I am not going to mention names but in my opinion the reverend Al Sharpton tends to do this a lot. Let me ask you this, do we ever really hear from good old Al?Nope, Only when there has been an altercation involving African Americans and usually the police, does Al come out of the wood works to spew his hatred of the New York Police Department to national television. If it was not f or the police officers doing their jobs, then poor Mr. Sharpton would never have a reason to come out. Politicians are not the last people to stress out the police. Leah Cook, a student at San Jose State University wrote â€Å"in the media, it seemed that police officers were seldom praised, but rather criticized or harassed for overstepping civil rights boundaries†. www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html)She was telling us how news reports (once again the media) are quick to accuse police officers for brutality. However the â€Å"police departments have set policies and procedures to ensure officer safety, even if it means physically restraining an unruly citizen. † (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). What we need to understand is that with varying degrees of conduct, it should be understood that law enforcement will receive mixed reviews. one day officers are being publicized as heroes, like the praise they received after September e leventh, while on the next, they are portrayed as racist, brutal, and authoritarian† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). I feel that it adds a tremendous amount of stress when you are doing a job that does not have constant public support. It adds to their stress level because there is a â€Å"negative and disrespectful image of law enforcement officers in our society† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). I just do not understand why we have such a low level of respect for our police officers.Maybe it is because of the money that Nassau and Suffolk police make. Although we can not really make that argument for the New York Police Department, because as we all know they are grossly underpaid for the job that they do. A lot of times the stress of a police officer is brought upon them at the Police Academy. Leah states that â€Å"while in the academy, training officers constantly remind the recruits that they are personally liable fo r their actions once they are out on the field† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html) . They are told stories of how cops are sued, became alcoholics, druggies, wife beaters and even worse committed suicide† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). The trainers are basically not selling the job well, and sending new officers out there with low morale. I think it is a good thing that the trainers are telling new recruits how it really is. However if it is going to hinder the morale of your newest officers, then maybe there is a better way to get the message across. I do not know if I would feel comfortable in a new situation, with all that is being thrown at me, to be told of these other officers.I would personally find it extremely stressful to know that this could happen to me. It is like they are adding the first layer of stress, when there is just going to be tons more thrown at them, the second they hit the streets. Knowing what we now know, I feel I was successfully able to articulate the stresses of police work. It can be hard for some officers to be out on the street dealing with criminals every night. It is tough on your marriage, when you are working shifts that make it hard to see your family. It is stressful when your marriage falls apart.Some officers will slip into that state of alcoholism, some will become druggies. We will always have that threat of an officer committing suicide. However for the officers that are out there, who love their jobs, I think that stress is more than manageable. We have to know that we can go home at night, and speak with our spouse. Do not shut them out of your lives. Be open about the way you are feeling, and speak when you feel things are getting to be too much. Someone will always be there for you. We just need you to open the door.

1812 Overture Essays

1812 Overture Essays 1812 Overture Paper 1812 Overture Paper The 1812 Overture, composed by Peter Tchaikovsky is the most widely regonized piece of classical music. The 1812 Overture was written to commerate the victory of Russia in the Napoleonic War in 1812. The defeat of this battle marked the start of the long and disastrous retreat that destroyed Napoleon and his army. In 1880, the Russian composer Tchaikovsky was commissioned to write an uplifting and patriotic piece to immortalize Napoleons defeat and celebrate the liberation of the Russians. Cannons would have been used during the actual conflict, they are very significant in the piece. Its first performance was in Moscow in 1882. Tchaikovsky was a respected musician of his time and was well-suited to accomplish this task. His sensitivity and excitable temperament, was so freely expressed in his music. By the age of 23, he had devoted himself entirely to music up until now. Living in poverty, he worked so hard that he suffered greatly from, depression and insomnia, with frequent nightmares. His great gift for melody, brilliant orchestral colour and strong emotional expression, delighted audiences. The 1812 Overture represents various aspects of the Russian involvement in the Napoleonic war. The composition is arranged to reflect specific battles and victories during this time. It calmly opens with an introduction of a Russian Church chant, recalling the declaration of war that was announced at church services. The introduction of the horns represent the marching armies. There is a section of this piece where the French national anthem is embedded and this is to represent the French victory in the war and the capture of Moscow. In the next section of this piece there is an overtone of a Russian folk dance theme, this is to commerate the Russian army battle beating back Napoleon. The music becomes noticably softer, this is used to reflect the retreat from Moscow by the French. The famous cannons are symbolic to reflect the Russian army advancing to the French border. This piece ends with a victorious Russian National anthem. The Russian anthem is to symbolic counterpoint the French anthem earlier in the piece. Tchaikovsky had successfully captured all the drama and emotions of war, from the battles to the victory, in this piece, which today has become one of the most recognized classical pieces.

Hitler - loser essays

Hitler - loser essays History only remembers the winners. Losers like Hitler deserve to be forgotten. The above statement blatantly refers to Hitler as a loser, who deserves to be forgotten. The statement was correct; Hitler was eventually a loser, but it was not for his suicide marking the end of the war in 1945 that he was remembered Hitler was the epitome of vile, and people remember him for all the vicious things Hitler did throughout his life. However, qualities that were positive about at least his mind, unfocused on personality, are predominant in this essay, because Hitler did great things. Terrible, but great. In 1913 Adolf Hitler, a penniless vagrant, moved to Munich in southern Germany. At the outbreak of the First World War, in 1914, he volunteered for service in the German army and was accepted into the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment . Hitler fought bravely in the war and was promoted to corporal and decorated with both the Iron Cross Second Class and First Class, the latter of which he wore until his dying day [ironically the regimental captain who recommended him for the award was Jewish]. The day of the announcement of the armistice in 1918, Hitler was in hospital recovering from temporary blindness caused by a British gas attack in the Ypres Salient. In December 1918 he returned to his regiment back in Munich, having achieved a great amount from joining as a hobo in a few short years, but the glory he would receive would be short-lived. Asked to spy on certain local political groups, during a meeting of the German Workers' Party he became so incensed by one of the speeches that he delivered a fierce harangue to the speaker. The founder of the party, Anion Drexler, was so impressed by Hitler's tirade that he asked him to join their organization. Hitler, after some thought, finally agreed to join the committee and became their seventh official in September 1919. Up to November 1923 Hitler continued to b...

Exosphere Definition and Facts

Exosphere Definition and Facts The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earths atmosphere, located above the thermosphere. It extends from about 600 km until it thins out to merge with interplanetary space. This makes the exosphere about 10,000 km or 6,200 miles thick or about as wide as the Earth. The top boundary of Earths exosphere extends about halfway to the Moon. For other planets with substantial atmospheres, the exosphere is the layer above the denser atmospheric layers, but for planets or satellites without dense atmospheres, the exosphere is the region between the surface and interplanetary space. This is called the surface boundary exosphere. It has been observed for the Earths Moon, Mercury,  and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The word exosphere comes from the Ancient Greek words exo, meaning outside or beyond, and sphaira, which means sphere. Exosphere Characteristics The particles in the exosphere are extremely far apart. They dont quite fit the definition of a gas because the density is too low for collisions and interactions to occur. Nor are they necessarily plasma, because the atoms and molecules arent all electrically charged. Particles in the exosphere can travel hundreds of kilometers along a ballistic trajectory before bumping into other particles. The Earths Exosphere The lower boundary of the exosphere, where it meets the thermosphere, is called the thermopause. Its height above sea level ranges from 250-500 km up to 1000 km (310 to 620 miles), depending on solar activity. The thermopause is called the exobase, exopause, or critical altitude. Above this point, barometric conditions do not apply. The temperature of the exosphere is nearly constant and very cold. At the upper boundary of the exosphere, the solar radiation pressure on hydrogen exceeds the gravitational pull back toward Earth. The fluctuation of the exobase due to solar weather is important because it affects atmospheric drag on space stations and satellites. Particles that reach the boundary are lost from the Earths atmosphere to space. The composition of the exosphere is different from that of the layers beneath it. Only the lightest gases occur, barely held to the planet by gravity. The Earths exosphere consists mainly of hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and atomic oxygen. The exosphere is visible from space as a fuzzy region called the geocorona. The Lunar Atmosphere On Earth, there are about 1019 molecules per cubic centimeter of air at sea level. In contrast, there are fewer than a million (106) molecules in the same volume in the exosphere. The Moon does not have a true atmosphere because its particles dont circulate, dont absorb much radiation, and have to be replenished. Yet, its not quite a vacuum, either. The lunar surface boundary layer has a pressure of about 3 x 10-15 atm (0.3 nano Pascals). The pressure varies depending on whether its day or night, but the entire mass weighs less than 10 metric tonnes. The exosphere is produced by outgassing of radon and helium from radioactive decay. The solar wind, micrometeor bombardment, and the solar wind also contribute particles. Unusual gases found in the Moons exosphere, but not in the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, or Mars include sodium and potassium. Other elements and compounds found in the Moons exosphere include argon-40, neon, helium-4, oxygen, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carb on dioxide. A trace amount of hydrogen is present. Very minute quantities of water vapor may also exist. In addition to its exosphere, the Moon may have an atmosphere of dust that hovers above the surface due to electrostatic levitation. Exosphere Fun Fact While the exosphere of the Moon is nearly a vacuum its larger than the exosphere of Mercury. One explanation for this is that Mercury is much closer to the Sun, so the solar wind can sweep away particles more easily. References Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut. Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems, Springer Publishing, 2004.  Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon?. NASA. 30 January 2014. retrieved 02/20/2017

Case Study - planning & strategy in small business Essay

Case Study - planning & strategy in small business - Essay Example 56). His management of finances proved to be good. As the owner of the firm, James has proved skillful in managing its finances and thus ensuring that success is attained. The overall overheads in the company have been minimal by the reduced cases of unnecessary taking of risks and by assigning all work in the firm on a sub-contract basis. The reduction of bad debts is another measure of his finance control. His checking of the profit margins involving all the contracts the company awards, the minimal cases of business bad debts and the leasing of land for business expansion has boosted his finance managerial skills. He is experienced and understands the market demand for the business. His vast knowledge on the relationship between employee productivity and their comfort prompted his venturing into this type of business. His business idea was spurred by his experience in the building and construction field and the knowledge on the existing market competition (Thomas 2006, p. 190). The ch ampioning of new ideas and development of existing ones has ensured growth. He is inexperienced at controlling and managing human resources. The result of his taking of human resource management position, which requires a competent person, has led to his arrogant nature in relation to employee-employer relationship. He cannot delegate duties as a result of his mistrust of employees. The effect is reduction in employee performance as a result of lack of team spirit and motivation which develops into low productivity. This is the case in Comfort Homes where James, despite his lack of experience in human resource management takes the position and controls everything without considering his employees in any decision making. He, however, gets things done but the employees do not feel as part of the company. This has led to poor communication system at the firm and lack of new ideas to steer the business towards growth. For instance, the failure to involve Kevin

Power and Privilege Observations of McIntosh and Flagg Essay

Power and Privilege Observations of McIntosh and Flagg - Essay Example There are two major problems with Ms. McIntosh's ideas. First, she projects her own world on that of everyone else. While her 46 conditions are insightful, they are not representative of whites; because whites, like every other race and culture, cannot be summed up into a generalized expression. If someone were to make such sweeping observations about Hispanics, they would be racists; yet apparently McIntosh believes that it is okay to racist as long as your prejudice is directed at yourself. Take some of the language of the list, e.g., arguments with colleagues absent advancement limitations based on race, and apply that to whites living in Appalachia; there is no comparison at all. Under her analysis, McIntosh is failing to add the privileges relative to a highly-educated and moneyed academic. Secondly, McIntosh's own list evidences the contradictory nature of self-projection. For example, number 35 refers to employment. In reality, there are many places where the hiring of a white female academic would be complete tokenism; say, at Howard University in Washington, D.C. The point is that making racial generalizations, even on oneself, is an illogical and inaccurate approach to power or privilege. That which is observable is not necessarily causative. Discussion Point Two.

Isaiah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Isaiah - Essay Example To illustrate, Isaiah is the outstanding proponent of justice we find in the Old Testament. What makes Isaiah different from others is his exceeding concern on political issues of Judea. He is the sole individual who advises the kings to rely on God’s infallible justice instead of seeking assistance from Assyria or Egypt in order to encounter the invaders. He interprets all foreign invasions as Yahweh’s interference that persuades his people to repent. According to him, sufferings and injustice will not prevail, instead only the eternal justice will sustain ultimately. He also condemned all sorts of social injustice like oppression of widows and orphans (Isaiah 1: 11-17), corruption and bribery (5:23), and disposition of the poor (5: 8-10). There was not even a single area of political or spiritual significance that he left out. He observed the pertaining discrepancy between actual religious beliefs and practices. â€Å"Is that what you call fasting; a day acceptable t o Yahweh?† (58:5) (cited in Gray, 2006, p.73). He convinced them of the fallacy of performing rituals with little understanding of the real virtue of justice. For instance, he asks, â€Å"What need have I of your sacrifices, says the lord, put your evil deeds away from my sight† (1:11). While comparing with other prophets, Isaiah can be called a political prophet for he had a key role in the political events of Judea between 740-681 BC. Amos and Jeremiah also focus on the injustice prevailing among the aristocrats whom they found greedy and unreasonably exploiting the poor. Jeremiah reminds them to be loyal to Yahweh otherwise inevitable punishment would come upon them as part of the divine justice (Jer: 1, 2). Jeremiah also predicts the Babylonian captivity which they would undergo to compensate their injustice (Jer: 27). The major injustice the prophets like Jeremiah, Amos and Josiah find with Israel was their

647 W6D Project metrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

647 W6D Project metrics - Essay Example The two most effect project metrics are retrospective metrics and diagnostics metrics. 1. Diagnostic Metrics: These are drawn from the existing information to analyse the current situation of the project. Using this metric, project managers may detect anomalies or forecast risks that might surface in the future (Kendrick, 2003). Diagnostic and retrospective metrics are used when the project is running and can be used to solve issues there and then. Diagnostic metrics alert the project managers regarding risks that are emerging during the course of the project. Retrospective metrics provide conclusions to the project reports and tell the managers if there are any risks expected in the future. Both types of metrics make the processes more efficient and risk free. Scarlat. E. et. al, n.d, ‘Indicators And Metrics Used In The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM),’ Department of Informatics and Economic Cybernetics, Acessed online, < http://www.ecocyb.ase.ro/20124pdf/Emil%20Scarlat%20%28T%29.pdf

Lighting the Way to the Future Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lighting the Way to the Future - Case Study Example The model is workable for United States because according to the data, residential houses use up to 45% of energy for space heating alone (U.S. Energy Information Administration , 1). The data also shows that residential houses use 18% of energy for water heating (Boston Business, 12). Thus, if the country would use the BTP in its buildings, it would become energy-efficient. While the approach would be appropriate in the U.S, it is undesirable. Reason being, the Unites States weather is not like the one in China. Another reason is that the technology that the country uses in buildings is not similar to the one in China. Hence, to use BTP in the country would mean change in building models. The setting of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) Standards has been successful. The government first created the law in 1975. The government set the limits for the improvement of usage of fuel for cars from 27.5mpg to 37.8 mpg (Crovitz, 7). What the law essentially means is that the government requires the combination of the usage of fuel by cars and trucks to an average of 34.1 mpg (35% rise) by 2016. The reason the setting of the standards is successful is because of the improvement that automakers continue to make. For instance, BMW, fuel use in 2008 was 22.5%. In 2013, it became 27.4%. Similarly, Nissan’s fuel use in 2008 was 22.7%. In 2013, it became 23.1% (Crovitz, 11). If compared to the tax that the government adds for every gasoline that a car owner purchases in a gas station, the CAFÉ standards are better than the tax. Reason being, with a growing economy, people have more disposable income than they had. Therefore, they will have a cushion for the tax t hat the government adds. It will end up having no effect in energy consumption and conservation efforts. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "Building Technologies Office | Department of Energy." Office

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism Assignment

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism - Assignment Example Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism They [businesses] deal with an enlightened population who understand the dangers posed by a surveillance-state on their privacy. The fact that businesses are now manufacturing products with enhanced security features only echoes the consumers’ unwillingness to accept unwarranted access to their electronic communications, to which they [businesses] are obliged to follow in accordance to the laws in place or risk losing their businesses altogether. While it is easy to understand the government’s unquenchable desire to collect and store as much information as possible about every individual, more so of suspicious characters the world over with minimal obstacles, the desire does not make such approaches Constitutional, legal, or wise; and the pervasive surveillance and collection of data around the world, including those in power such as Angela Markel, over the past few years demonstrates drifts off-course from reasonable lines by the intelligence community. The claim of public good does not make the total disregard of the rule of law any lesser offence, and such demands must be accompanied with lawful search warrants which respects constitutional imperatives if access is to be granted. Q. 2 When considering that technology enables terrorists to formulate complex plots to kill innocents, do private corporations have any legitimate ground on which to make it more difficult for government agencies like the NSA to gather information pertinent to thwarting those attacks?

647 W6D Project metrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

647 W6D Project metrics - Essay Example The two most effect project metrics are retrospective metrics and diagnostics metrics. 1. Diagnostic Metrics: These are drawn from the existing information to analyse the current situation of the project. Using this metric, project managers may detect anomalies or forecast risks that might surface in the future (Kendrick, 2003). Diagnostic and retrospective metrics are used when the project is running and can be used to solve issues there and then. Diagnostic metrics alert the project managers regarding risks that are emerging during the course of the project. Retrospective metrics provide conclusions to the project reports and tell the managers if there are any risks expected in the future. Both types of metrics make the processes more efficient and risk free. Scarlat. E. et. al, n.d, ‘Indicators And Metrics Used In The Enterprise Risk Management (ERM),’ Department of Informatics and Economic Cybernetics, Acessed online, < http://www.ecocyb.ase.ro/20124pdf/Emil%20Scarlat%20%28T%29.pdf

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism Assignment

Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism - Assignment Example Privacy and Business Obligations in the Age of Global Terrorism They [businesses] deal with an enlightened population who understand the dangers posed by a surveillance-state on their privacy. The fact that businesses are now manufacturing products with enhanced security features only echoes the consumers’ unwillingness to accept unwarranted access to their electronic communications, to which they [businesses] are obliged to follow in accordance to the laws in place or risk losing their businesses altogether. While it is easy to understand the government’s unquenchable desire to collect and store as much information as possible about every individual, more so of suspicious characters the world over with minimal obstacles, the desire does not make such approaches Constitutional, legal, or wise; and the pervasive surveillance and collection of data around the world, including those in power such as Angela Markel, over the past few years demonstrates drifts off-course from reasonable lines by the intelligence community. The claim of public good does not make the total disregard of the rule of law any lesser offence, and such demands must be accompanied with lawful search warrants which respects constitutional imperatives if access is to be granted. Q. 2 When considering that technology enables terrorists to formulate complex plots to kill innocents, do private corporations have any legitimate ground on which to make it more difficult for government agencies like the NSA to gather information pertinent to thwarting those attacks?

A Talk About Oral English Teaching Problems and Solutions Essay Example for Free

A Talk About Oral English Teaching Problems and Solutions Essay As a result, spoken language becomes more and more important. Nowadays, almost everyone knows the importance of learning English, it is taught as a compulsory subject at elementary school, secondary school and university in China. A lot of people consider that vocabulary is the key to learning English, so they prefer to memorize words as many as possible. It is true that one cannot communicate effectively or express his ideas in both oral and written forms without a sufficient vocabulary. However, we all know that the effect of learning language is marked by the students’ communication ability. There is a phenomenon which we called â€Å"Dumb English† in China, which means a large number of students can only read and write instead of speaking. Although vocabulary is an indispensable element in learning foreign language, a more important one is how to speak that language out. However, after several years of learning, students’ spoken English is also poor. They cannot express their thoughts in English in daily life. They are afraid of communicating with native speakers in English. Whats worse. They even cannot figure out what others say in English. Why did these phenomenons happen? Three reasons are introduced. The first one is that there are still many problems existing in spoken English teaching, such as absence of English learning environment, the Grammar-Translation Methods, and teachers paying much attention to vocabulary and grammar. The second one is the subjective reason: students are afraid of speaking English. They are scared of being laughed at by others if they say something wrong. There is a saying: â€Å"Practice makes perfect. † They are lack of practice, so their spoken English is poor. The third one is the objective reason, for example, the non-English environment, the different culture between China and western countries. This paper will only focus on the problems existing in spoken English teaching in High school and suggests some teaching strategies to deal with these problems to help improve students’ spoken English and communicative competence. Theoretical Framework 1 1. 1 The requirements of the New English Curriculum Standard The overall aim of the New English Curriculum Standard is to develop students’ overall language ability. Such abilities are grounded in the development of language skills, language knowledge, affects, cultural awareness and learning strategies. Language skills contain listening, speaking, reading and writing. And the requirements of speaking skills in junior high school advocate what students can do in the speaking process as following listed: the third level requires students can tell some simple and short stories. The fourth level requires students can use simple words to describe his own or others’ experiences with the teacher’s help. And the fifth level requires students can exchange ideas and complete tasks corporately. New English Curriculum Standard,2001). It has six designing principles: Firstly, it aims for educating all students, and emphasizes quality-oriented education. Secondly, it promotes learner-centeredness, and respects individual differences.

Adderall Use in College Students

Adderall Use in College Students The stress and demand of college on students only seems to be increasing with little ways to cope. Some can’t cope with it and drop out, others struggle through it giving what they can, for some others though, they rely on neuro-enhancing drugs to increase the brains capability to focus and perform. Adderall is a common drug found in this use, along with many others, and it is a legal prescription drug subscribed for ADHD. It enhances the processing speed and energy levels of the user, the defining reason it is helpful to college students. However helpful it may be considered, there are health risks that come from taking adderall. Margaret Talbot, a writer of The New Yorker, reports, â€Å"Drugs such as adderall can cause nervousness, headaches, sleeplessness, decreased appetite, among other side effects.†(654) While headaches and sleeplessness are common, the list only grows with concerning problems. Talbot continues to list risks, noting, â€Å"The label (an FDA warning) also mentions that adults using Adderall have reported serious cardiac problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (654). So along with even mild health risks, larger ones have been reported and are acknowledged by the Food and Drug Administration. Along with risks follows consequences of using Adderall, as reported in a 2011 study, â€Å"These consequences include suicidal and homicidal ideation, seizure, and various cardiac complications, such as hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, and dsyrhythmias.†(Jardin, Looby, Earleywine, 1) Therefo re, the misuse of Adderall extends greatly beyond health risks, to loss of life consequences. Another form of health risk, mental rather than psycho-somatic, is the addiction side of the drug and the ignorance of its health risks. Though users view it to be harmless, â€Å"a professor at the university of Michigan’s Substance Abuse and Research Center, reported that in the previous year 4.1 percent os American undergraduates had taken prescription stimulants for off-label use.†(Talbot, 654) That means a general 4.1 percent of American undergraduates abused the prescription drug for purposes other than it should be used. According to Talbot, some other schools reported, â€Å"the figure was 25 percent†, a significantly higher percentage, and â€Å" A 2002 study at a small college found that more than 35 percent of the students had used prescription stimulants non medically in the previous year†(654). These numbers are far apart, but still numbers to be looked at in order notice signs of addiction. â€Å"An FDA warning on Adderall’s label not es that â€Å"amphetamines have a high potential for abuse and can lead to dependence†(Talbot, 654). Once again, a health concern is FDA recognized with the use of Adderall, â€Å"Yet college students tend to consider Adderall and Ritalin benign, in part because they are likely to know peers who have taken the drugs since childhood for ADHD.†(Talbot, 654) If it seems harmless to them, how can it be harmful to you, right? Adderall and drugs like it are prescribed for the specific use to help ADHD, for effects we have yet to understand. Despite this, the results of an online public poll published by Nature, reported that, â€Å"69 percent said that mild side effects were an acceptable risk.†(Talbot, 655) Debatably, the mild risks may be acceptable, but what is to be said about the life threatening risks. While they are harmful, it is hardly reported to not be effective. Alex (a Harvard graduate) put it, â€Å"Productivity is a good thing†(Talbot, 655). Adderall and drugs like it are commonly identified as neuroenhancers because of they fact that they are supposed to help with productivity and focus. Alex has also stated though, â€Å"it only works as a cognitive enhancer insofar as you are dedicated to accomplishing the task at hand†(Talbot, 655), so it is not just like they can be taken and automatically help. Alex elaborates, â€Å"The number of times I’ve taken Adderall late at night and decided that, rather than starting my paper, hey, I’ll organize my entire music library!†(Talbot, 655) Alex claims, â€Å"I’ve looked back at my papers I’ve written on Adderall, and they’re verbose† and, â€Å"with Adderall I’d produce two pages on something that could be said in a couple of sentences†(Talbot, 655). So wh ile they may help productivity, they don’t increase ability to write well. A â€Å"transhumanist† named Seltzer uses, â€Å"a drug called piracetam†(Talbot, 656), which is, not approved for any use by the FDA†(Talbot, 656). Upon interview, â€Å"I asked Seltzer if he thought he should wait for scientific ratification of piracetam. He laughed. â€Å" I don’t want to,† he said, â€Å"Because it’s working†(Talbot , 659). Users report despite the known and unknown risks and design of the drug on the human body and mind, they don’t care as long as it is productive and working. This begs a further question, is it worth banning if people will continue to use it anyways? Though it has such consequences, why hasn’t it been banned. According to Talbot, â€Å"It makes no sense to ban the use of neuroenhancers. Too many people are already taking them, and the user’s them to be educate damd privileged peopler who proceed with just enough caution to avoid getting into trouble.†(659) Talbot makes a point, just like illegal drug trades, people like them, and will likely continue using them. Furthermore, Talbot’s generalization â€Å"the users tend to be educated and privileged†¦with just enough caution to avoid getting into trouble†(659) leads to another point; it is the user’s decision. Talbot claims â€Å"They can make their own choices about how to alter their minds, just as they can make their own decisions about shaping their bodies.† It is the choice and accepted risk of the user to take neuroenhancing drugs, just like smoking and drinking, they have to take all responsibility for the consequences a nd products. Seltzer believed using neuroenhancers, â€Å" is like customizing yourself-customizing your brain† (Talbot, 657). In the developing society, it is considered important to let individuals express how they feel, even if it means changing something about them. Socially, using neuroenhancers to develop ones mind in a way they want, may not be looked negatively upon. However, this can lead to professional complications. Use of Adderall in a college setting brings up complications with competition and grades. Some students on, â€Å"The BoredAt Web Sites†(Talbot, 655), present concerns with, â€Å"Occasional dissents (I think there should be random drug testing at every exam)† Considering the performance and focus boost neuroenhancers can provide, this can give a helping hand to studying. While some students use neuroenhancers to get ahead, that leaves the other students at a disadvantage, similar to athletes who dope to get ahead, a newer concept-â€Å"brain doping†(Talbot, 659). And just like sports, College is also competitive, especially focusing at high professionalism doctorate programs, where the best of the best are picked. While banning the use of neuroenhancers may seem like a good idea, the user will not care about if they are banned or not, the problem will still stay present.   Talbot spoke to Alex again, saying â€Å"he had gone back to taking Adderall-a small dose every day. He felt that he was learning to use the drug in a more â€Å"disciplined† manner.†(660) It appeared to yield results in a change of mentality and use, as Alex stated, â€Å"it was less about staying up late to finish homework he should have done earlier, and more â€Å"about staying focussed on work, which makes me want to work longer hours.† The use itself of adderall isn’t necessarily that bad part, as it it the misuse for inappropriate reasons to either get ahead or do what should have been done. For Alex, it boiled down to his concept of use, he controlled his use of Adderall to improve his work ethic, rather than to demoralize it’s use for better grades and lack of a work ethic to be gin with. Neurohancers don’t need to be banned, but rather people need to be educated on the effects and consequences of it, so they can learn to control it in Alex’s â€Å"disciplined manner†(Talbot, 660). The drug itself is not the problem, but the misuse and lack of understanding on it’s use. While banning it is pointless, controlling it, and how people ethically use it should be the point of focus moving on.   Works Cited Jardin, Bianca, et al. â€Å"Characteristics of College Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disorder Symptoms Who Misuse Their Medications.† Journal of American College Health, vol. 59, no. 5, Apr/May2011, pp. 373-377. EBSCOhost, doi:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10.1080/07448481.2010.513073 McCabe, Sean Esteban, et al. Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants among US College   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Students: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey. Addiction, vol. 100, no. 1, Jan. 2005, pp. 96-106. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00944.x Talbot, Margaret. â€Å"Brain Gain: The Underground World of â€Å"Neuroenhancing† Drugs.† The New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yorker, web, 19 June 2017, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/04/27/brain-gain.

Quebec Separatism Essay -- Quebec Separatism

Canada is known by outsiders to be a very peaceful country. But if you ask any Canadian they well tell you that is unfortunately not the case. For there is a large ongoing conflict between Canadians. The conflict is between the French and the English, or more specifically between Quebec and the rest of Canada. As a result of this conflict, along with some wrongdoing and propaganda. Quebec has considered and has gone as far to hold referendums over Separatism (Surette,2014). Separatism is that the province of Quebec separates from the rest of Canada to form its own country. Which would have immense effects on indubitably Quebec but also the rest of Canada (Martin, 2014). This report will focus on the root causes and origin of Quebec Separatism, the current state of Quebec Separatism and finally how we as a society can act towards Quebec Separatism. Root Causes and Origin The root causes of Quebec Separatism go back almost a thousand years! This is because a large cause for Quebec Separatism is the conflict between the French and the English people. These conflicts go back to when France and England first became countries, and ever since then it seems the two countries have been at constant war with one another (Henley, 2011). This constant fighting spawns a built in belief of hatred for one another (Henley, 2011), which would make it hard for the two to live in the same country as they try to do in Canada. But out of all the wars the French and English fought, the most influencing for Quebecois and all of Canada was the sever year war taking place between 1756 and 1763 (Upper Canada History, 2011). The special thing about this war was that part of it was over the influence of the territory to be later Canada (Upper Canada histor... ...ions.ca/scripts/ovr2011/default.html Patriquin, M. (2014, April 11). The epic collapse of Quebec separatism. Retrieved May 15, 2014, from Maclean’s website: http://www.macleans.ca/politics/the-epic-collapse-of-separatism/ Quebec Separatism. (2006). Retrieved May 15, 2014, from The History of Canada website: http://www.linksnorth.com/canada-history/quebecsep.html Scott, M. (2011, November 28). More anglophones see English-French relations as problem. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from Montreal Gazette website: http://www.montrealgazette.com/life/More+anglophones+English+French+relations+problem+Poll/5777450/story.html Surette, R. (2014, March 24). Quebec separatism and the peculiar entity called ‘English Canada’. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Rabble website: http://rabble.ca/columnists/2014/03/quebec-separatism-and-peculiar-entity-called-english-canada

Painting Interpretation :: essays research papers

Recently at the San Diego Museum of photographic arts in balboa park, there was an exhibition of Steve McCurry’s, the national geographic photographer who took the famous picture â€Å"Afghan Girl†, on his photo tour of Asia. It chronicled in splendid detail everything from India, and the most holy places in the Sikh religion, to Tibet and to the traditions inherent in the daily lives Afghani bakers. The titles and the explanatory text blobs dotting the walls told a story of deep spiritualism and introspection in the name of religion. The pieces all reflected on different religions but the theme remained and painted Asia as a place full of devout individuals who have found purpose in their respective theologies. Among these images of brooding eyes, silent prayer and reflection fell a comical image. It showed a young Uzbekistani boy holding a cigarette to the mouth of a statue; the statue of a Buddhist spiritual guru.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The image was funny. A burning Marlboro at the smiling stone lips of a 700 year old priest was funny. But the question I posed was why. If humor is the human reaction to the uncomfortable, the awkward or the indecent, what about this image made my friend and I laugh. The answer lied in its comparison. It juxtaposed a devout spiritualism with commercialization and addiction. Both things thought to be in stark contrast with the enlightenment that is supposed to be revealed to all sons and daughters of religion and especially the followers of Buddha. This image struck a chord with me, even though I am not religious, and have taken resentment to the current upswing in the inquisition like militancy that is now a part of the Christian faith in America, I have grown up in a religious society, a Christian society. My morals are based on Christian interpretations of right and wrong fore we both live in a country founded on such beliefs, and are now immersed in them. This image of comparison stuck with me because, our society is full of such paradoxical situations. Christian doctrine dictates the negative outcomes of addiction, and guffaws at commercialism as an offshoot of materialism and greed, which is a mortal sin. But despite these things the world and America in particular are in a struggle hold with people’s desire for material wealth on one side and the planet’s well being and the world’s religious quest for balance in all life on the other.

Pacific Theatre in World War II

On 1 September 1939 the country of Germany led by Adolf Hitler invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics or in other words â€Å"lightning war†. As Germany is capturing Europe one country at a time Japan is doing the same except with Asia and Japan is also preparing for the attack of the United States naval base on the island of Oahu called Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor caused the United States to declare war on Japan, break isolationism and get deeply involved in World War II.On 7 December 1941 at 7:30 am army privates George Elliot and Joseph Lockard were operating in a radar station when they noticed a large amounts of aircraft incoming but they did not sound the alarm because there was supposed to be a group of B-17 bombers due to Pearl Harbor (Michael 10). At 8:00 am the words â€Å"Tora Tora Tora† sounded over Japanese radios meaning that the Japanese have achieved complete surprise on the Americans and that the attack was a go and the dive bombers starte d to drop their deadly payloads on the American airfields, aiming specifically for United States war planes (Michael 11).As the Japanese attacked the airfields they also simultaneously attacked the harbor with more dive bombers and torpedo planes equipped with torpedoes specially made for the shallow waters of the harbor (Michael 12). During all of the chaos a dive bomber dropped its deadly payload on to the USS Arizona, with a single bomb hit to the magazine, the whole bow of the ship was severed from the rest and 1,000 men died instantly (Michael 12). At 8:45 am even more Japanese torpedo planes and dive bombers attacked the harbor targeting repair yards and any other ships that the pilots saw.The attack was planned months before 7 December, the Japanese built a model of the actual harbor to help prepare for the attack and they practiced on it until each and every pilot knew exactly which target to hit and how to hit it and until they could achieve an 80% hit rate on the American ships (Michael 47). The task force the Japanese used consisted of 6 aircraft carriers each equipped with hundreds of planes and 20 other ships including battleships, heavy cruisers, destroyers and a few submarines (Michael 49).The attack killed 2,388 Americans and injured another 2,000, the attack destroyed 21 ships out of 92 total in the harbor, nearly 300 American aircraft were destroyed and only 29 Japanese aircraft were destroyed (Reid 219). The Americans were infuriated with the attack, they felt as if they were vulnerable and they wanted the United States government to declare war on Japan. On 8 December 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt makes a speech to congress asking them to declare a state of war on Japan. Later that day with a vote of 388 to 1 the United States is at war with Japan.The industry skyrocketed as the United States prepares for war; everything from food to weapons is rationed and made in a method called mass production. On 9 December 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. The United States is now deeply involved in World War II, but the United States has a difficult decision to make whether or not they should concentrate their forces over in Europe to fight the Italians and Germans or concentrate their forces in the Pacific and get revenge on the Japanese and avenge Pearl Harbor.On 8 April 1942 Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle launched an air attack consisting of B-25 medium range bombers. The attack was designed to inflict damage on Tokyo and to destroy the Japanese morale and avenge Pearl Harbor. The plan was for 16 B-25s to be launched off the coast of Japan and their mission was to bomb the city of Tokyo and land on American air bases in China. Most of the 16 B-25s, each with a five-man crew, attacked the Tokyo area, with a few hitting Nagoya (â€Å"The Doolittle Raid†).However none of the planes made it to China and most of the crews were captured, but this attack was considered a success because it deeply embarrassed the Japanese High Command and it greatly boosted the morale of the Americans, this attack would lead to the desire of the Japanese to completely destroy the American aircraft carriers and would lead to the Japanese defeat in Midway a month later. The Battle of Midway was fought over and near the tiny United States’ mid-pacific base at the Midway island atoll.The objective of the Japanese was to draw out and destroy the Unites States aircraft carrier striking forces which had embarrassed the Japanese in the Doolittle Raid. The Japanese’s plan was to soften up the defenses on Midway, invade it, capture the island and hope that the United States would come out with their aircraft carriers in order to take back the island and the Japanese would the quickly destroy them and have a decisive victory.However, the United States had brilliant code breakers and knew exactly when, where and how the Japanese were going to strike so the Americans were waiting. On 7 June 1942, the Japanese with a force of 4 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 15 support ships and 248 carrier based aircraft started the attack. Starting with bombing the American base the Japanese weren’t able to soften up the American defenses well enough because the Americans had knew in advance that Japanese were coming so they built up their defenses and brought in additional reinforcements.As the Japanese were focusing their attacks on the island, the American aircraft carrier strike force consisting of 3 carriers, 7 heavy cruisers, 1 anti-aircraft cruiser, 15 destroyers, 233 carrier based aircraft and 16 submarines attacked the Japanese forces. After 4 days of bitter combat, the Americans had only lost 1 carrier, 1 destroyer, 150 aircraft, and 307 sailors and airmen, while on the Japanese side, they had lost 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, all of their aircraft, and 3,057 sailors and airmen (â€Å"Battle of Midway†).The Battle of Midway was a huge success in American c ode breaking and proving that the use of the aircraft carrier would definitely be a vital resource in the Pacific Theater (â€Å"Battle of Midway†). Three months later the Americans pressed forward setting their eyes on a near Australia called Guadalcanal. This battle would be the first allied offensive on the Empire of Japan. On 7 August 1942 American forces landed on the islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida in the southern Solomon Islands with the objective of denying their use by the Japanese to threaten the supply and communication routes between the US, Australia, and New Zealand.The Allies also intended to use Guadalcanal and Tulagi as bases to support a campaign to eventually capture or neutralize the major Japanese base at Rabal on New Britain (â€Å"Battle of Guadalcanal†). Powerful United States naval forces had supported the landings. Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November 1942 to retake Hende rson Field. Three major land battles, seven large navalbattles, and continual, almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November 1942, in which the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and land with enough troops to retake it was defeated. In December 1942, the Japanese abandoned further efforts to retake Guadalcanal and evacuated their remaining forces by 7 February 1943 in the face of an offensive by the US Army's XIV Corps, securing the island to the Allies.The Americans originally started with a strength of 60,000 men and lost 7,100 while the Japanese forces were almost completely wiped out, starting out with only 36,200 they had lost 32,000 (â€Å"Battle of Guadalcanal†). The Guadalcanal campaign was a significant strategic combined arms victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre The Battle of the Philippines was the American campaign that lasted from 1944-1945 and the obje ctive was to completely expel the Imperial Japanese Forces occupying this long chain of islands that was captured by the Japanese during the first half of 1942.The Battle of the Philippines started on 20 October 1944 with the amphibious landings on the eastern Philippine island of Leyte. The operation would last through the end of the war in august of 1945. During this campaign the Japanese showed how desperate they were in not giving up when they started utilizing kamikaze attacks where they would purposely fly planes equipped with explosives into the American forces. This campaign was very successful however, because the Americans had driven out the Japanese and liberated the Philippines.The Battle of Iwo Jima fought on 19 February through 26 March 1945 was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire. The American invasion had the goal of capturing the entire island, including its three airfields, t o provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five-week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the War in the Pacific of World War II.After the heavy losses incurred in the battle, the strategic value of the island became controversial. It was useless to the Army as a staging base and useless to the Navy as a fleet base; however it was of limited use by the United States Army Air Force only for emergency landing of planes coming back from missions over Japan. The Japanese positions on the island were heavily fortified, with a large network of bunkers, hidden artillery positions in the mountains, and nearly 11 miles of underground tunnels.This invasion was the first American attack on Japanese home territory, and the Japanese soldiers and marines defended their positions tenaciously with no thought of surrender. The Americans had a force of 70,000 marines and had high losses of 6,821 killed and 19,217 wounded. The Japanese, however h ad a smaller force of 22,060 soldiers and lost 18,844, but they had nearly 3,000 in hiding until long past the end of the war and because of their extensive network or tunnels and bunkers they were able to inflict heavy damage on the Americans (â€Å"Battle of Iwo Jima).Later in the summer of 1944 the United States had set their eyes on the largest island in the Marianas, Guam. There was a major strategic advantage of Guam because of its very large size and its location to the Japanese mainland mad it ideal for the American forces to establish airfields for B-29 Superfortress long range bombers. Guam, ringed by reefs, cliffs, and heavy surf, presents a formidable challenge for an attacker. But despite the obstacles, on July 21, the Americans landed on both sides of the Orote peninsula on the western side of Guam, planning to cut off the airfield.By nightfall the Americans had established beachheads about 2,000 meters deep, Japanese counter-attacks were made throughout the first few days of the battle, mostly at night, using infiltration tactics. Several times they penetrated the American defenses and were driven back with heavy loss of men and equipment. Rain and thick jungle made conditions difficult for the Americans, but after an engagement at Mount Barrigada from August 2 to August 4, the Japanese line collapsed; the rest of the battle was a pursuit to the north.As in other battles of the Pacific War, the Japanese refused to surrender, and almost all were killed. On August 10, after 3 long weeks of bloody and ferocious fighting, organized Japanese resistance ended, and Guam was declared secure. The Battle of Okinawa was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theatre. The 82-day-long battle lasted from early April until mid-June 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were approaching Japan,  and planned to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations on the planned invasion of Ja panese mainland.Okinawa provided a fleet anchorage, troop staging areas, and airfields in close proximity to Japan. The U. S. cleared the surrounding waters of mines in Operation Zebra, occupied Okinawa, and set up the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, a form of military government, after the battle. The Americans started out with 183,000 men and by the end of the battle 12,000 were killed and 38,000 were wounded.The Japanese started out with 160,000 men and more than 110,000 were killed and 7,000 were captured (â€Å"The Battle of Okinawa†). While the Pacific war rages, the United States had conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing anywhere from 241,000 to 900,000 people. From June 1944 until January 1945, B-29s stationed in India staged through bases in China to make a series of raids on Japan, but this effort proved unsuccessful.The strategic bombing campaign was greatly expanded from November 1944 when bases in the Mariana Islands became available as a result of the Mariana Islands Campaign. The air raids concentrated mainly on industrial facilities but the fire bombings were concentrated on the civilian population since most of the homes were made from paper and wood (â€Å"Skies on fire†). With the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 the United States was ultimately forces to break isolationism and get very involve in World War II.From the Doolittle raid in 1942 to the massive bombing campaigns in 1945, from the battle of Midway to the invasion of Okinawa, the United States was very involved in the Pacific theatre and the loss of life was very high. Along with the Pacific Theatre the United States also had a very high death toll in the European Theatre but not as high of one as in the Pacific. Had the Japanese not have attacked Pearl Harbor, the turn out of the war could have been so much different and the United States probably would not have gotten involved until late in the war like they did in World War I

Ann Fudge Mini Case Essay

1.Where would Ann Fudge be placed in each of the five factor model (FFM) categories? Ann Fudge was a very successful woman who was very enthusiastic about her job. She took pride in being original and was committed to her work. In the five-factor mode, Ann Fudge would be placed in three different categories such as openness to experience, agreeableness, and neuroticism. When talking about openness to experience, it is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, assimilating new information, and open to new experiences. It describes a person’s personality. In the mini cases study Ann Fudge decided that after working 24 years in corporate America, she was going to take some time off to figure out her life and have some time to herself. During her time away from corporate America, Fudge traveled to different countries to visit and embark on some new experiences. People with this personality trait enjoy traveling to different countries, seeking new experiences through travel. Ann Fudge’s success was based on her ability to be strategic and being a big picture thinker; this denotes her high level of openness to experience. Ann Fudge had a great ability to get along well with others. From the case, it points out that Ann Fudge was equally comfortable with consumers at the ballpark, factory workers on a production line, and executives in the bored room. Ann fudge was approachable and easy to get a long with; she demonstrated this by being a charismatic leader who simply listened. These personality traits demonstrated agreeableness, which concerns how one gets a long with, as opposed to gets ahead of others. Fudge also demonstrated neuroticism, which deals with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism. People with these personality traits remain calm in pressure situations, and is able to handle personal criticism well. This was demonstrated when Fudge’s boss expressed how she was very comfortable with herself and she is not pretending to be some she’s not. Having this trait indicates that she can handle any constructive criticism and not take it personal. 2.Consider The Components of creative intelligence from Table Identify the key components that have affected Ann Fudge’s success. 3.Ann Fudge decided to take a sabbatical to focus on her personal life.  Based on her experience, what are the benefits of such a break? What might be the drawbacks? When Ann Fudge took a sabbatical to focus on her life, she was able to accomplish many things. She wanted more out of life than to be defined only by her career. During her break one of the benefits that she was able to experience was traveling. Fudge enjoyed traveling to different countries such as Sardinia and Corsica. She was also able to enjoy different activities such as yoga. Another benefit that she experience while on her leave was becoming an author of a book she wrote called â€Å"The Artist’s Way at Work.† In my opinion, there were no drawbacks. She took the time to redefine herself as a person. When she came back she was more successful than ever. Fudge took the job at Y&R and worked hard to put the company back on top, and her hard work paid off at the end.

Purchasing Power ParityBig Mac Index Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Purchasing Power ParityBig Mac Index - Essay Example The purchasing power parity or the PPP is also loosely explained as the Big Mac index, as introduced by The Economist in the mid-1980s. In the absolute definition of PPP, the Big Mac, a consumer good sold in practically every part of the world, takes the place of the commodity basket. Using this route gives a more simplistic definition of the theory. Therefore, a Big Mac being sold in the United States must have the same price as Big Mac sold in Australia, for example. Looking at PPP with a monetary approach to the exchange rate will show the behavior of exchange rate in the long run, in terms of the supply of and demand for money. An increase in the national interest rate results in the depreciation of the national currency. Likewise, an appreciation of the country's currency will be resulted by a decrease in the national interest rate. However, recent data cannot fully support the theory of the purchasing power parity and the law of one price. In the real world, there are trade barriers, free competition, and differences in price levels in different countries, giving rise to difficulty in testing the PPP through government-published price indexes. There are also certain products and services that have consequently become non-tradable goods because of steep international transport costs. The PPP can also be viewed as a country's real exchange rate, wherein a foreign commodity basket is valuated in terms of a domestic commodity basket. Having all other factors equal, a country's local currency will undergo a long-run appreciation vis--vis foreign currencies, an ensuing scenario when the world demand for this particular country's output increases. The more common notion of purchasing power parity must be distinguished from a related theory known as relative purchasing power parity, wherein the relationship between the relative inflation rates of two countries and the change in the exchange rates of their currencies comes into play. An exchange rate that is determined by purchasing power parity gives rise to an equalization of the purchasing power of different currencies in a particular home country. Despite the fluctuations in the market exchange rates, PPP exchange rates are reflected in the long run. However, the difference between the market exchange rates and the PPP exchange rates can be somewhat significant. See this example: The World Bank's World Development Indicators 2005 estimates that one United States dollar is equivalent to approximately 1.8 Chinese yuan by purchasing power parity in 2003. However, based on nominal exchange rates, one U.S. dollar is currently equal to 7.9 yuan. This discrepancy has large implications; for instance, GDP per capita in the People's Republic of China is about US$1,800, while on a PPP basis it is about US$7,204. This is frequently misused to assert that China is the world's second largest economy, but such a calculation would be invalid under the PPP theory. At the oth er extreme, Japan's nominal GDP per capita is around US$37,600, but its PPP figure is only US$30,615. The proper estimation of purchasing power parity is made difficult because there is no uniform price level. Also, different people in different countries have varying commodity baskets,